Difference between revisions of "Climate Change in Kenya"
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== Differentiating Between Climate Change and El Nino == | == Differentiating Between Climate Change and El Nino == | ||
| − | Some of the variability in Kenya's climate is due to the [[El Niño-Southern Oscillation]] (ENSO) cycle, not the climate crisis. Historically, 1965, 1972, 1982, 1986, 1987, 1991, 1994 and 1997 were classified as El Niño years; whereas 1970, 1973, 1975 1988, 1998 as La Niña years.<ref name="shisanya2011">C. A. Shisanya, C. Recha, A. Anyamba, "Rainfall Variability and Its Impact on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands of Kenya," International Journal of Geosciences, 2011, 2, 36-47, doi:10.4236/ijg.2011.21004.</ref> A study focused on historical rainfall variability in several districts in southeast Kenya (North Meru, Central Meru, South Meru, Tharaka, Mbeere, Mwingi, Machakos, Kitui, and Makueni) found "This research establishes that the October- December rains are more reliable as manifested in the amount of rainfall and the greenness of the vegetation compared to the March-May rainfall season. Although these research findings show a common pattern in the amount of rainfall during ENSO events in southeast Kenya, all El Niño and La Niña events are not equal in magnitude. In other words, prediction of an ENSO event does not always lead to an anomaly in southeast Kenya."<ref name="shisanya2011"/> | + | Some of the variability in Kenya's climate is due to the [[El Niño-Southern Oscillation]] (ENSO) cycle, not the climate crisis. Historically, 1965, 1972, 1982, 1986, 1987, 1991, 1994 and 1997 were classified as El Niño years; whereas 1970, 1973, 1975 1988, 1998 as La Niña years.<ref name="shisanya2011">C. A. Shisanya, C. Recha, A. Anyamba, "Rainfall Variability and Its Impact on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands of Kenya," International Journal of Geosciences, 2011, 2, 36-47, doi:10.4236/ijg.2011.21004.</ref> A study focused on historical rainfall variability in several districts in southeast Kenya (North Meru, Central Meru, South Meru, Tharaka, Mbeere, Mwingi, Machakos, Kitui, and Makueni) found that: |
| + | :"This research establishes that the October- December rains are more reliable as manifested in the amount of rainfall and the greenness of the vegetation compared to the March-May rainfall season. Although these research findings show a common pattern in the amount of rainfall during ENSO events in southeast Kenya, all El Niño and La Niña events are not equal in magnitude. In other words, prediction of an ENSO event does not always lead to an anomaly in southeast Kenya."<ref name="shisanya2011"/> | ||
==Resources and articles== | ==Resources and articles== | ||
Revision as of 04:10, 31 May 2012
Climate Change in Kenya
Contents
Differentiating Between Climate Change and El Nino
Some of the variability in Kenya's climate is due to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, not the climate crisis. Historically, 1965, 1972, 1982, 1986, 1987, 1991, 1994 and 1997 were classified as El Niño years; whereas 1970, 1973, 1975 1988, 1998 as La Niña years.[1] A study focused on historical rainfall variability in several districts in southeast Kenya (North Meru, Central Meru, South Meru, Tharaka, Mbeere, Mwingi, Machakos, Kitui, and Makueni) found that:
- "This research establishes that the October- December rains are more reliable as manifested in the amount of rainfall and the greenness of the vegetation compared to the March-May rainfall season. Although these research findings show a common pattern in the amount of rainfall during ENSO events in southeast Kenya, all El Niño and La Niña events are not equal in magnitude. In other words, prediction of an ENSO event does not always lead to an anomaly in southeast Kenya."[1]
Resources and articles
Related Sourcewatch articles
References
- ↑ Jump up to: 1.0 1.1 C. A. Shisanya, C. Recha, A. Anyamba, "Rainfall Variability and Its Impact on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands of Kenya," International Journal of Geosciences, 2011, 2, 36-47, doi:10.4236/ijg.2011.21004.
External Resources
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
- Thornton PK, Kruska RL, Henninger N, Kristjanson PM, Reid RS, Atieno F, Odero AN and Ndegwa T 2002. "Mapping poverty and livestock in the developing world," International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
- PACJA, 2009: The Economic Cost of Climate Change in Africa. The Pan African Climate Justice Alliance, Nairobi, Kenya, 49 pp.
External Articles
2010s:
- Philip Thornton and Mario Herrero, "The Inter-Linkages Between Rapid Growth in Livestock Production, Climate Change, and the Impacts on Water Resources, Land Use, and Deforestation," World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5178, January 1, 2010.
- Shongwe, M.E., G.J. van Oldenborgh, B.J.J.M. van den Hurk, B. de Boer, C.A.S. Coelho, and M.K. van Aalst, 2011: Projected changes in mean and extreme precipitation in Africa under global warming. Part II: East Africa. Journal of Climate, 24(14), 3718-3732.
- C. A. Shisanya, C. Recha, A. Anyamba, "Rainfall Variability and Its Impact on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands of Kenya," International Journal of Geosciences, 2011, 2, 36-47, doi:10.4236/ijg.2011.21004.
- Richard O. Anyah, Weini Qiu. (2010) Characteristic 20th and 21st century precipitation and temperature patterns and changes over the Greater Horn of Africa. International Journal of Climatology, Volume 32, Issue 3, pages 347–363, 15 March 2012
- Kerry H. Cook and Edward K. Vizy, "Impact of climate change on mid-twenty-first century growing seasons in Africa," Climate Dynamics, DOI: 10.1007/s00382-012-1324-1.
2000s:
- Oba, G., 2001: The importance of pastoralists’ indigenous coping strategies for planning drought management in the arid zone of Kenya. Nomadic Peoples, 5(1), 89-119.
- Kathleen A Galvin, Philip K Thornton, Randall B Boone, and Jennifer Sunderland, "Climate variability and impacts on east African livestock herders: the Maasai of Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania," African Journal of Range & Forage Science 2004, 21(3): 183–189.
- Eriksen, S.H., K. Brown, and P.M. Kelly, 2005: The dynamics of vulnerability: locating coping strategies in Kenya and Tanzania. Geographical Journal, 171, 287-305.
- Mwangi, M. N.; Desanker, P. V., "Changing Climate, Disrupted Livelihoods: The Case of Vulnerability of Nomadic Maasai Pastoralism to Recurrent Droughts in Kajiado District, Kenya," American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007, abstract #GC12A-02.
- Awuor, C.B., V.A. Orindi, and A. Adwerah, 2008: Climate change and coastal cities: The case of Mombasa, Kenya. Environment and Urbanization, 20(1), 231-242.
- Kathleen A. Galvin, "Transitions: Pastoralists Living with Change," Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol. 38: 185-198 (Volume publication date October 2009), DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anthro-091908-164442.
- Peter G. Jones, and Philip K. Thornton, "Croppers to livestock keepers: livelihood transitions to 2050 in Africa due to climate change," Environmental Science & Policy, Volume 12, Issue 4, June 2009, Pages 427–437.
- Camberlin, P., V. Moron, R. Okoola, N. Philippon, and W. Gitau, 2009: "Components of rainy seasons’ variability in Equatorial East Africa: onset, cessation, rainfall frequency and intensity." Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 98(3-4), 237-249.
1990s:
- Jim Ellis and Kathleen A. Galvin, "Climate Patterns and Land-Use Practices in the Dry Zones of Africa," BioScience, Vol. 44, No. 5, Global Impact of Land-Cover Change (May, 1994), pp. 340-349.
