Changes

Alternative trading platforms –- so-called "dark pools" of liquidity -- have evolved to address this problem. They work by separating liquidity from information about the transaction -- the participants, lot sizes and transaction prices. Through the process of "non-displayed liquidity," information does become available to both regulators and the public market -- but not until the transaction is complete.<ref>Global Markets Institute, Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research, ''[http://www2.goldmansachs.com/ideas/public-policy/3-regulatory-reform/effective-reg-part-4.pdf Effective Regulation: Part 4: Turning Good Ideas Into Good Outcomes], October 2009.</ref> (Italics in original document)</blockquote>

As Goldman's reputation in the general public suffered in late 2008 and 2009, several Goldman spokesmen began to invoke religious themes in their media appearances and public events. "The injunction of Jesus to love others as ourselves is an endorsement of self-interest," Goldman Sachs International adviser Brian Griffiths said on October 20, 2009, to a crowd in St. Paul’s Cathedral in London. "We have to tolerate the inequality as a way to achieving greater prosperity and opportunity for all."<ref>Simon Clark and Caroline Binham, "[http://www.michaelmoore.com/words/latest-news/profit-not-satanic-barclays-says-after-goldman-invokes-jesus Profit 'Not Satanic,' Barclays Says, After Goldman Invokes Jesus]," Bloomberg, November 4, 2009.</ref> Lloyd Blankfein similarly was quoted in the ''Sunday Times'' describing his company's work as having "a social purpose" and himself as "doing God’s work."<ref>John Arlidge, "[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article6907681.ece I'm doing 'God's work'. Meet Mr Goldman Sachs]," ''Sunday Times'', November 8, 2009.</ref>

==Earnings and bonuses==