===Foregone revenues and direct spending===
The study [http://www.elistore.org/Data/products/d19_07.pdf ''U.S. Government Subsidies for Energy Sources 2002-2008''] was released in September 2009 by the [http://www.eli.org/index.cfm Environmental Law Institute]. It calculated lost government revenues by each fossil fuel sector. The report was authored by Adenike Adeyeye, James Barrett, Jordan Diamond, Lisa Goldman, John Pendergrass, and Daniel Schramm, and funded by the [http://www.ef.org/home.cfm Energy Foundation].<ref>Adenike Adeyeye, James Barrett, Jordan Diamond, Lisa Goldman, John Pendergrass, and Daniel Schramm, [http://www.elistore.org/Data/products/d19_07.pdf ''U.S. Government Subsidies to Energy Sources 2002-2008'',] Environmental Law Foundation, September 2009</ref> The report calculated lost government revenues by each fossil fuel sector:
====All fossil fuels====