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'''Climate Change Deniers also known as [[Global warming skeptics]] -- ''' refers to individuals or groups who disagree with claims that emissions of man-made CO2 significantly enhance the natural atmospheric greenhouse effect. Often, there advocacy has been funded by industry groups and corporations-- sometimes disclosed, but more often not. The use of the term "global warming skeptic" is falling into disuse.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=?|title=FTL neutrinos and climate change deniers (or why I call the latter PSEUDOskeptics) : Class M|url=http://scienceblogs.com/classm/2011/11/ftl_neutrinos_and_climate_chan.php|accessdate=2011-11-05|author=James Hrynyshyn|date=2011-11-04}}</ref> According to Alden Meyer of the Union of Concerned Scientists, "We don't call them skeptics, because they are not putting forward alternatives ideas and having them tested in peer review journals. They basically deny this problem."<ref name="skep-no">{{cite web |url=http://news.yahoo.com/un-climate-report-not-sway-us-deniers-020716658.html |title=UN climate report will not sway US deniers |accessdate=2013-09-22 |publisher=AFP |author=Jean-Louis Santini |year=2013 |month=September}}</ref> =="Global Warming Skeptics"== Originally meaning "climate change skeptics" or "anthropogenic (human-induced) global warming skeptics", "global warming skeptics" referred to those who are as yet unconvinced by evidence that emissions of man-made CO2 significantly enhance the natural atmospheric greenhouse effect.  ==Evolution of Meaning== But the accumulation of evidence,<ref>{{cite web|publisher=skepticalscience.com|title=Empirical evidence that humans are causing global warming|url=http://www.skepticalscience.com/empirical-evidence-for-global-warming.htm|accessdate=2011-04-04|author=John Cook|date=2010-06-26}}</ref> led to a near-total scientific consensus.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=skepticalscience.com|title=How many climate scientists are climate skeptics?|url=http://www.skepticalscience.com/How-many-climate-scientists-are-climate-skeptics.html|accessdate=2011-04-04|author=John Cook|date=2010-06-22}}</ref> In this label, the term "skeptic" is a misnomer and considered to be a black eye on true skeptics.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Skepticblog|title=What, If Anything, Can Skeptics Say About Science?|url=http://skepticblog.org/2009/12/22/what-if-anything-can-skeptics-say-about-science/|accessdate=2011-04-04|author=Daniel Loxton|date=2009-12-22}}</ref> ==Most Common Climate Change Denial Arguments== Author Clive Hamilton, in his book ''Scorcher'', says that one can find the following arguments in the various papers promoted by climate change deniers: * There is no evidence of global warming.* If there is evidence of global warming, then it is not due to human activity.* If global warming is occurring and it is due to human activity, then it is not going to be damaging.* If global warming is occurring and it is due to human activity, and it is going to be damaging, then the costs of avoiding it are too high, so we should do nothing. There have been hundreds of arguments<ref>{{cite web|publisher=grist.org|title=How to Talk to a Climate Skeptic|url=http://www.grist.org/article/series/skeptics|accessdate=2011-06-22|author=Coby Beck}}</ref> made attempting to refute the scientific consensus on global warming. These range from various levels of outright denial (such as "There's nothing happening", "we don't / can't know why its happening (it's too complex to understand)", "climate change is natural", "climate change is not bad", and "climate change can't be stopped") to philosophical, statistical, historical, scientific and pseudo-scientific arguments. A few of the most common arguments include<ref> Skeptical Science [http://www.skepticalscience.com/argument.php Top 10 Most Common Global Warming Skeptics Arguments]</ref>*The climate has changed before*It's the sun (not CO2 or people)*It's not really bad*The climate is cooling*There is no consensus*Models are unreliable*Temperature record is unreliable*Animals and plants can adapt*It hasn't warmed since 1998*Antarctica is gaining ice All of these arguments have been refuted. Rebuttals to these arguments can be found at the referenced sites in this section. ==Prominent Climate Change Deniers== ===Individuals=== A list of individual climate change deniers includes: *[[Tony Abbott]]*[[Don Aitkin]]*[[Dennis Avery]]*[[Sallie L. Baliunas]]*[[Tim Ball]]*[[Robert C. Balling]] of [[Arizona State University]]*[[Glenn Beck]], CNN TV Fox and [[Koch strategy group attendee]]*[[David Bellamy]]*[[Reid Bryson]]*[[Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen]]*[[Douglas Carswell]] M.P.*[[Alan Carlin]]*[[Bob Carter|Robert (Bob) Carter]]*[[Ian Castles]]*[[John R. Christy]]*[[Ian Clark]]*[[Alexander Cockburn]]*[[Martin Cohen]], and philosophical objections to the global warming theorists*[[Vincent Courtillot]]*[[Joseph D'Aleo]]*[[Martin Durkin]]*[[Paul Driessen]]*[[Freeman Dyson]]*[[Myron Ebell]] Director, [[Competitive Enterprise Institute]]'s [[Center for Energy and Environment]]*[[David Evans]]*[[Ray Evans]]*The Rt. Rev. [[Peter R. Forster]] The Bishop of Chester*[[Stewart Franks]]*[[George Fox]]*[[Ivar Giaever]]*[[Robert Giegengack]]*[[Steve Goddard]]*[[Bill Gray]]*[[William Happer]]*[[Chris Horner]], the author of "Politically Incorrect Guide to Global Warming'' *[[Sherwood Idso]]*[[Andrei Illarionov]], chief economic adviser to Russian Federation President Vladimir Putin*[[James M. Inhofe]]*[[Kiminori Itoh]]*[[Zbigniew Jaworowski]]*[[Aynsley Kellow]]*[[William Kininmonth]]*Czech president [[Vaclav Klaus]]*[[Hans H. J. Labohm]]*[[Donna Laframboise]]*[[Lord Lawson]]*[[David Legates]]*[[Marlo Lewis]], from the [[Competitive Enterprise Institute]];*[[Richard S. Lindzen]]*[[Bjorn Lomborg]]*[[Jennifer Marohasy]]*[[Stephen McIntyre]]*[[Ross McKitrick]]*[[Patrick J. Michaels]]*[[Christopher Monckton]]*[[Andrew Montford]]*[[Alan Moran]]*[[Luboš Motl]]*[[Alan Oxley]]*[[Garth Paltridge]]*[[Tim Patterson]]*[[Cardinal Pell]]*[[Roger Pielke Jr.]]*[[Ian Plimer]]*[[Arthur B. Robinson]]*[[Frederick Seitz]] (deceased 2008)*[[S. Fred Singer]]*[[Willie Soon]]*[[Roy Spencer]]*[[Carlo Stagnaro]]*[[Bob Stallman]]*[[Philip Stott]]*[[John H. Sununu]]*[[George Taylor]],*[[Wolfgang Thüne]]*[[Jan Veizer]]*[[Len Walker]]*[[Anthony Watts]]*[[Bruno Wiskel]]*[[Sammy Wilson]] ''Business Insider'' listed "The 10 Most Respected Global Warming Skeptics" in 2011.<ref> Business Insider [http://www.businessinsider.com/the-ten-most-important-climate-change-skeptics-2009-7 The 10 Most-Respected Global Warming Skeptics] accessed June 22, 2011.</ref> ===Groups=== Climate change denying organizations include: *[[Australian APEC Study Centre]]*[[Competitive Enterprise Institute]] (US) [http://observer.guardian.co.uk/business/story/0,6903,1431306,00.html]*[[Doctors for Disaster Preparedness]]*[[Exxon-Funded Skeptics]]*[[Friends of Science]] (Canada)*[[George C. Marshall Institute]] (US)*[[Global Warming Policy Foundation]] (UK)*[[Heartland Institute]] (US)*[[Institute of Economic Affairs]] (UK)*[[Institute of Public Affairs]] (Australia)*[[International Climate Science Coalition]] (NZ)*[[International Policy Network]] (UK)*[[Lavoisier Group]] (Australia)*[[Natural Resources Stewardship Project]] (NSRP) (Canada)*[[New Zealand Climate Science Coalition]]*[[Scientific Alliance]] (UK)*[[The United Kingdom House of Lords Select Committee on Economic Affairs]]*[[NZ Center for Policy Research]] (NZ) [http://www.nzcpr.com]*[[New Zealand Climate Change Coalition]] (NZ) [http://www.climatescience.org.nz/] ==Articles and Resources== ===Related SourceWatch articles=== * [[Climate Change]]* [[Heartland Institute/International Conference on Climate Change (2009)]]* [[Researching global warming skeptics]]* [[SourceWatch:Project:Creating Articles on Sponsors and Speakers at The 2008 International Conference on Climate Change]]* [[Climategate]] ===External Articles===* http://www.grist.org/article/series/skeptics* http://www.skepticalscience.com/argument.php ==External Links==

===Related SourceWatch articlesReferences===* [[Climate Change]]* [[Heartland Institute/International Conference on Climate Change (2009)]]* [[Researching global warming skeptics]]* [[SourceWatch:Project:Creating Articles on Sponsors and Speakers at The 2008 International Conference on Climate Change]]* [[Climategate]]{{reflist|2}}